By
Akindotun Merino
According to the Harvard Business News, mental and emotional health challenges have been around as long as humans have existed, but they remain ill-defined, potentially under- or over-diagnosed, and often shrouded in stigma. But they are a central part of humanity.
The workforce including staff, management, executives still struggle to bring mental health to the fore front even though there is a prevalence in our society.
According to APA, only one in five workers are comfortable talking about mental health issues at work, and more than one third are concerned about retaliation or dismissal if they seek mental health care.
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Top leaders are also struggling: about 80 percent of executives reported mental health issues in 2020 and 38 percent turned to drugs or alcohol to cope with symptoms (Harvard Business).
Workplace anxiety cannot be overemphasized in Nigeria and we definitely have to reduce stigma if we want a healthier workforce. Anxiety cannot be defined as one, isolated condition. It has many faces and can have hundreds of different symptoms. But before you can begin to understand and identify any type of anxiety, it is important to know the common symptoms and characteristics of different disorders. Only after you’ve identified the type of anxiety can you focus on the source and how to cope with it.
Social anxiety, also known as social phobia, is a type of anxiety where a person fears crowds or public situations because they feel it will lead to public scrutiny or embarrassment. This can range from simply eating in public to being among a large crowd in a store. Sometimes this person can be mistaken for having a shy demeanor, but these people have serious trouble socializing at work or even participating in meetings. This can keep them from being a team player since they frequently withdraw from the group.
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Characteristics:
- Extremely fearful of unfamiliar situations and people
- Feeling overwhelmed with anxiety when in social situations
- Fearful of being judged or watched by other people
- Unable to face social situations on your own
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most common type of anxiety and is usually defined as a constant state of tension and panic. People who suffer from GAD generally do not have anything particular that they are worrying or obsessing about. They cannot identify the source of the anxiety, and therefore cannot find a way to resolve the problem. So they continue to feel anxiety every day with either no apparent reason, or will find a number of problems to fret about without knowing why.
Common symptoms of GAD:
- Difficulty focusing, sleeping or concentrating
- Constant restlessness, irritation or edginess
- Feeling tired or having low energy levels
- Tense or clenched muscles
Panic disorder is characterized by a constant state of confusion and fear which normally occur in sporadic episodes, or panic attacks. While it is normal to have some fear or confusion in our work, these feelings should not cause physical symptoms or interfere with our productivity. These panic attacks can cause sudden, debilitating symptoms, such as shallow breathing, sweating, increased heart rate, and physical pain. Often times many people do not realize they have a panic disorder since they may not recognize the symptoms of a panic attack, which can make this disorder hard to diagnose.
Characteristics:
- Feelings of doom or losing control
- Stomach pains, dizziness or even fainting
- Overwhelming sense of fear, usually irrational
- Sudden heart palpitations or excessive sweating
Phobias are more common types of anxiety and generally focus on one thing or situation, such as a fear of spiders or a fear of public speaking. People who suffer from certain phobias begin to have an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety when they are faced with their phobia and can usually return to a normal state once the item or situation has been taken care of. Generally these phobias don’t interfere with our everyday lives since we may not actually have to encounter our fears on a regular basis (such as snakes, spiders, heights, fires, etc.). But phobias that can occur at work, such as a phobia of public speaking or a fear of crowded rooms, should be addressed right away since they can hinder our ability to function normally on the job.
READ ALSO: Dealing With Mental Illness In The Family
Characteristics:
- Fear is normally focused on one thing
- Fear is usually instantaneous
- Inability to control fears, even after facing the fear itself
- Feelings subside when phobia has passed or has been avoided
Next week, we will discuss recognizing symptoms in others.
Dr. Akindotun Merino is a Professor of Psychology and a Mental Health Commissioner in California. She is the President of Jars Institute. Feel free to share your successes and challenges:
Prof. Akindotun Merino
Jars Education Group
info@akinmerino.com
YouTube.com/akinmerino
Instagram: @drakinmerino: Twitter: @drakindotun
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