Opinion
Intellectual Rejuvenation And Sustainable Research Culture As Panacea For All-round Development
Published
1 year agoon
By Toyin Falola
It is a deserving recognition and praise to Professor Abdullahi Ibrahim Musa, the Vice Chancellor of Kaduna State University, who had the courage and the foresight to bring us together from September 5 to 7 to host a conference on the timely topic of how we can become fully engaged in research that will transform the universities and the nation. The Convener was the warm and vibrant Professor Hauwa’u Yusuf, who advises the Vice-Chancellor on Research matters. Professor Yakubu Ochefu, formerly Vice Chancellor and the current Secretary of the Nigeria Committee of Vice Chancellor, was the co-host of the conference, while the Director of Laboratories at Kaduna State gave the lead paper. It was a privilege to have been invited to give the Keynote.
Participants at the event.
At the centre of all progress driven by sophisticated technology and unprecedented institutional adjustments is a human seemingly inordinate curiosity to uncover the unexpected. It is inordinate because behind every scientific and artistic discovery are accusations of hallucinations usually levied against the front runners of the engagements. From Aristotle to Galileo, even to Orunmila, the possession of extraordinary capabilities enhanced by human’s innate cognitive effervescence has often been seen as efforts to disrupt the existing system, predicably by individuals who are perhaps opposed to evolutionary necessities or are too comfortable to imagine a transition from what they used to know to what they are not. Meanwhile, evidence abounds that every intellectual engagement has brought immeasurable positive results than the negative effects associated with them. Although the ways we interpret the products of human intellectualism energized by their curiosity differs. The difference in evaluation depends largely on the people’s perspective, experiences or motivations. For all it is worth, whether or not people use the phone, as an example of technology, to perform morally reprehensible acts does not diminish the fact that phones are an important result of intellectual investment because they make communication and business easy.
The preface above is necessary to the extent that we understand as a people that everything ever invented, used by people and cherished because of its effectiveness initially began as a curious undertaking by those who intended to use their intellectual resources to enhance progress for humankind. When it is apparent that such faculty of the human mind is not sufficiently explored, we can infer objectively that their intellection is experiencing protracted slumber occasioned first by their inability to understand the probable consequences of their actions and second by their limited envisioning of a better and different future. At this level, what is needed is the rejuvenation of the people’s intellection, which would, among other things, necessitate extensive learning. Will it not surprise you that a considerable population of African youths in the current age are comfortable with being consumers and not producers of cutting-edge innovations needed to bring ease to the people of the world or make them irresistible in the world entirely? Of course, our youths have shown in recent times that by exploring African cultural content, they have no limits in the world at large. See how Wizkid, Burna Boy, Davido, Asake, Rema, Angelique Kidjo, and Odumodublvck make international tides in the modern music industry. That’s the product of their curiosity, the rejuvenation and revival of their very intellectual resources located first in their cultural identity and accessed through their quality intellection.
But you would be gob-smacked by the number of Africans on Tiktok, trooping there daily to put obscene content out for available consumers. TikTok is another source of economic power generation achievable only through the number of likes or traffic attracted by the individual using it. In their deep-seated immersion in this culture, Africans have refused to understudy how TikTok, Twitter, and Facebook owners make money without putting their sensitive parts online for any available devourers. In other words, they need to understand that instead of being consumers of intellectual products such as the ones cited already, they could become the owners by waking up the sleeping giants in them, which is their intellectualism. In contemporary times, lifelong learning has never been this important or emphasized. The current generation of African youths must understand that in their efforts to accumulate available wealth on the apps or Sportybet, which many of them are very engrossed in, they would have been killing the intellectual materials lodged in their minds by nature. They are, therefore, encouraged to dedicate their attention to lifelong learning. Quick fixes attract quicksand results, and they cannot afford to face the consequences of get-rich-quick-syndrome because that does not leave a lasting legacy to those who would succeed them. If anything, it forces them to follow a similar circle.
As a result, the rejuvenation of their intellectualism depends on how creative and innovative they are. One thing that youths and everyone should understand is that the inspiration for people’s innovation is usually in their cultural environment or identity. They need to dedicate themselves to studying the items of their culture to come out with unique productions with profound significance that would draw the world’s attention to them, and they would become economically liberated. Creativity does not lie in people identifying problems; everyone can do that. It is residual in one’s ability to look at the problems and come up with cultural interpretations of them to find solutions that would have global applications. Such undertaking would, therefore, enable the person to be constantly involved in self-evaluation, introspection and examination. An individual who wants to be creative brings an unusual approach to solving problems and to be ahead of others, they would constantly ask themselves if they are making progress. The culture of self-assessment propels individuals to evaluate their goals and understand if they are near achieving or not. The totality of this would birth the rejuvenation of their intellectualism.
An important question we ask ourselves as intellectuals, therefore, is how do we incorporate the idea of intellectual rejuvenation into the habits of our youths? The answer is already implied by the indispensability of education in our contemporary global society. We should understand that we must cultivate a culture of sustainable research as a people. The interconnection between intellectual rejuvenation and sustainable research is illustrated by the fact that when individuals dedicate their attention to lifelong learning, such is meant to create or cultivate the culture of research engagements. This is underscored by the fact that a close study of anything requires dedication of attention, which signals the foundation of research. Without a sustainable research culture, there can be no accomplishment of impressive discoveries in academia and every scientific endeavour, which are the bedrock of human advancement in every sphere of existence. In other words, research is to collectively advance what oxygen is to humans. Oxygen is not the element that pumps blood or circulates it within the human body system; without it, however, these human systems would not function in any way. As such, for societies to function greatly, there is a need for us to collectively engage in the business of sustainable research.
To that extent, those in academia should understand that the spine of sustainable research culture is diversity and inclusion. Knowledge, creativity and innovation are not gender specific. In essence, what you can bring to the table intellectually is not determined by your sex status. Given this condition, an inclusive approach is needed for our research culture to be productive and sustainable. Inclusion brings together professionals from different disciplines to participate in research engagements that bring innovation and creativity. They would use their combined energy derived individually from their various careers and harness them for collective purposes. Academics do not reject the possibility of collaboration, and that is because they were nurtured with the philosophy that the exchanges of ideas and values are a passageway for discovering great things that would transform the human world beyond what is anticipated. As innovations and inventions are not gender sensitive, so are they not ethnic-conscious. People across cultural boundaries can come together and participate in research where everyone comes to the table with outstanding contributions and useful information needed to improve the conditions of society. Research network within the academia is therefore sacrosanct in the contemporary world.
It is important to mention also that a sustainable research culture is possible where there is active mentoring from the older generation of academics to the younger generation. No matter how brilliant and loaded with ideas, a young individual without experience would find navigating the world’s jungle difficult. The world is naturally hostile, but you would not understand until you begin to take the moves. But then, the elders are always in good positions to educate the younger ones about where they should or should not venture during their development. Older members understand where opportunities lie. They are familiar with the terrain and know where exploration would birth results. In mentoring the younger ones, they would also help reveal available opportunities to guide the growth of the fledgling researchers. New entrants into the system always demand considerable guidance to succeed in their undertakings. Among other things, they are expected to make the right decisions that would positively affect their lives. They need solid mentoring and guidance to achieve all these.
There are impediments along the way, one of them being the scarcity of funding opportunities. People already familiar with capitalist philosophy and the pressure it brings would only be encouraged about academia when they have things that rekindle their hope. Funding, grants and other opportunities would be substantially important to incentivize their involvement. The outcomes would benefit everyone if these and other related problems can be addressed. For example, innovations would have rapid acceleration in our society. Those with access to the necessities needed to survive would not hesitate to give their attention as much as possible. They would produce energy that would translate their collaborative research into results that can transform the conditions of their basic environment and the world. This crop of intellectuals would be resilient. In the face of daunting challenges, they would stand their ground and use their mental resources to produce changes. Essentially, they would make a global impact that increases their respect in the grand scheme.
On a happy note, Professor Musa accepted all the key recommendations at the conference. His tenure promises to make the University one of the best in Nigeria.
. Part of the Keynote Address delivered at the conference.
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By Leo Igwe
The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW) is concerned over the reported arrest of two men accused of being ‘witchdoctors’ in Zambia. The arrest underscores the potency of witchcraft fears and the connection between occult anxieties and the country’s politics. These individuals were accused of trying to bewitch the Zambian president, Hakainde Hichilema. The police claimed that they had charms. They planned to use the charms to harm the president. The report says the two persons have been charged under Zambia’s Witchcraft Act. The Act criminalizes “possession of charms”, “professing knowledge of witchcraft”, and “cruelty to wild animals”. The police found the two with assorted charms, including a live chameleon.
This development is utterly embarrassing and shows that the Zambian government is slowly losing its focus and bearing.The country has many socio-economic challenges. Suspicion of bewitchment or possession of charms should be the least of its worries at this time. There should be no place for witchcraft and possession of charms in modern politics because there is no evidence for these beliefs and practices. Zambian authorities should not weaponize the Witchcraft Act or use it to justify this incident. Zambian law does not recognize witchcraft. Zambia’s Witchcraft Act criminalizes naming or imputing witchcraft. It prohibits accusing or threatening to accuse any person of being a witch or a wizard. In this case, it is the police who are breaking the law.
Otherwise, how did they know the two individuals were ‘witchdoctors’? Did these persons identify as witch doctors? If not, the police are liable because they named and imputed witchcraft and have to prove that these individuals have witch-doctoring powers. The police claimed to have charged these individuals for possessing “assorted charms”, including a chameleon. Really?
The police in Zambia have questions to answer: What are charms? How did they know that what was in their possession were charms, not pets? Is a chameleon a form of charm? What makes possession of a chameleon possession of a charm? When and how does a chameleon become a charm? The police need to answer these questions and more before one takes them seriously.
Again, did the individuals describe what was in possession as ‘charms’? If they did, does confessing or designating something as a charm make it a charm? And if they did not, the police are liable because they need to prove how those possessions translated into charms.
In addition, the police claimed that the duo wanted to bewitch the president. What does that mean? How did they know? Are the police not contravening a provision under the Witchcraft Act by professing knowledge of witchcraft? Can one harm another person using a chameleon? They claimed that the two persons wanted to use the charms in their possession, including the chameleon to harm the president. How did they know that? What is the evidence for that?
The Advocacy for Alleged Witches calls for an end to this state-sponsored witch hunt. There is no evidence of harm through witchcraft or charms. The Zambian government should desist from witchcraft- related infractions and violations including arbitrary arrest, and detention of innocent citizens. These allegations are baseless and absurd. The arrest was politically motivated. This development demonstrates that Zambian authorities are out of sync with their duty and obligation to uphold the rule of law and protect accused persons.
Zambian authorities need to act in compliance with the 2021 UN resolution, which urged states to take measures to combat abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs and ritual attacks. End witchcraft allegations in Zambia. End witch hunts in Africa now!
Dr Igwe directs the Advocacy for Alleged Witches.
By Tony Afejuku
The other burning issue, apart from Farotimi and Babalola’s, which I wish to take a look at – and which I am taking a look at now – relates to what is happening in our capital territory. What is this burning issue – which our human rightists and civil society organisations and personages are surprisingly and un-satisfactorily not inclined to focus attention on and examine as they should? I may be wrong, but it surely seems to me that this issue, this burning issue, which is of more importance than Farotimi and Babalola’s – which has been given undue adulation – is deliberately being neglected and depreciated by proclaimers and heroes and heroines of human rights, justice, equity and equality of rights in your country my country our country. Why, why, why and why, why, why? Anyone who has any iota of patriotic sensibility, feeling and judgment well watered and buttressed by a very great influence upon his or her critical judgment will keep on asking the question I am asking.
Mr. Nyesom Wike, as almost everybody who can read and write a little knows, is the current minister of your, my and our Federal Capital Territory. His post or office is akin to that of a governor of a state. As the immediate past governor of Rivers State who was drafted, after his two terms there expired, to continue in the FCT as its new minister-governor or governor-minister under the auspices of a party he is not a true member of, Mr. Wike cannot but be seen as a lucky man. He is in every possible and impossible way. Minister-Governor Wike is a lucky man and a very fortunate one indeed. No former governor of Rivers State (or of any Nigerian state), as far as I know, has achieved what the famed political rouser of rabbles has achieved in one short gubernatorial life-time, and at a relatively young and fertile age. His dual achievement with and in two different political parties at this delicate point of Nigerian politics indicates to our politicians and us all that there is always time for a reminder that there are ready-made high rewards for arch-angels of betrayals. And Mr. Wike may go down in Rivers and Nigerian history as both an arch-angel and an emperor of betrayal of us all if we attempt to indicate what I have defined here as his dual achievement.
We can roughly divide, briefly, Wike’s political development into two periods. During the first, excluding his lower political positions before he became the governor of Rivers State, he quickly adapted his style to that of an emperor who became a rabble-rouser of rabble-rousers whose gubernatorial efficiency moved from stiffness to stiffness. He did not at any time feel that he needed suppleness to govern Rivers State. “Let the heavens fall if they must fall!” We are not there yet in this attempted analysis of the stiff-hearted and stiff-minded one. True? But he is already demonstrating this characteristic in Abuja. False? Judge and give the answer yourself.
Even after he left Rivers State a short while ago as governor, he is still trying to control happenings there to the political discomfiture of his hand-picked successor, his erstwhile “boy” and “son” – with whom he has fallen out. As the minister-governor or governor-minister of the FCT, Wike is occupied with the other taste of the emperor-juggernaut formulator – doing the work of two key political masters in one room and desk of political jugglery. Since his appearance in the FCT, minister-governor or governor-minister Wike has allegedly attempted to recover or transform for Abuja what is not traditionally or socially Abuja’s, for example, the city’s social idiom and landscape and terrain as well as its environs. In doing this he sometimes over-steps his bounds and mark of human/inhuman decency/indecency and psychological understanding of human nature, if you follow well what I am saying; he has so far become at best not really better than a typical pedestrian Nigerian lawyer and officer of political power: in his explorations so far in the Federal Capital Territory we have come to the realization, as T. S. Eliot would say, that “it is so often true that only by going too far can we find out how far we can go.” But one has to be a very negatively obstinate and self-serving emperor and a thorough-bred arch-angel of betrayal of the people and masses to justify such perilous and perfidious expeditions and adventures.
Last week, I saw on Arise Television “The Morning Show” Chief Rita Lori-Ogbebor, the dutiful widow of the late Nigerian supreme patriot and soldier, Colonel Ogbebor (of Benin stock) battling, so to say, to wrest the legacy of her late husband from the tight grip of the adventurous FCT minister-governor who has registered his name and signature in the hearts and consciousness of the people as the depriver of their possessions. The three anchors of “The Morning Show” were in their respective ways splendid in their structures of remarks and questions to Chief (Mrs.) Rita Lori-Ogbebor whom I have had occasions in times past to call patriotically Rita A-K 47 on account of her natural right to fire her beautiful tongue at any person, usually an enemy, of just actions. When she made the case she made to protect the estate of Paulosa Nigeria Limited, her late husband’s aforesaid legacy in the FCT, she was in her natural territory, habitat and element where even at age eighty-four, she never ever loses her stability – although she unusually restrained herself in the Arise Television appearance. Dr. Reuben Abati, Rufai Oseni, and Ayo Mairo-Ese clearly explored seriously but delightfully the mind of the mother-hen of Warri – my other coinage and appellation I gave her in my poetry. Her “The Morning Show” appearance enabled me to see the poignant cry de profundis of the FCT inhabitants whose property and residences in different guises have been demolished. She did not say anything that was out of joint. She spoke and came out as a mother, protector and symbol of the people who have suffered – and are suffering – from the state of affliction and anguish Wike’s demolitions have placed – and are placing – the people.
Ojy Okpe in her delicious and delectable “What is Trending” slot on the same show, showed without exaggeration but with further elaboration what people in and outside Abuja/FCT think of the mighty Wike’s demolitions, a burning issue that the Senate has asked “Let Heaven Fall” minister-governor Wike to halt as the committee the Senate set up on the issue starts its work. Of course, we cannot but assume that Chief Rita Lori-Ogbebor, Mrs. Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan as well as Mrs. Ireti Kingigbe, the senator representing the FCT in the Senate and other patriotic senators diligently did what they did on the floor of the Senate when the burning issue was tabled for debate with the gracious understanding and authorization of the Senate President.
I need to state further that the “The Morning Show” anchors did well and extremely so by giving the minister-governor the opportunity to air his anti-Paulosa story. His senior special assistant on public communication and social media, Mr. Olalere Olayinka, stood in for him. After he gave the reasons for the clamp-down, his responses to the questions the anchors put to him followed the usual pattern of denials by artificial men in power – denials that they always use to intimidate and betray the people. In fact, Mr. Olayinka’s ploy to ride easily over our dear Rufai Oseni, a wholesome representative of the deprived, that the chap (or is it guy?) and his boss always employ their colloquial speeches and remarks to dishonor, failed. Yes, the ploy failed woefully. In stanza after stanza of the exchanges between Mr. Olayinka and the Arise anchors, he deteriorated – and his deterioration was hall-marked when he unwittingly revealed that the Paulosa land had been acquired by his minister-governor’s close cohort, an act that was nothing short of gross abuse of power and authority.
Because the Senate is already using its authority, power and privilege to resolve the burning issue, hopefully, in a way that the late Colonel Ogbebor’s legacy and family will not be subjected to any kind of degradation, I will utter no more words for now. I trust, however, that the liberties the Senate is taking – or has taken – are for the sake of order to favour the down-trodden.
As for the minister-governor, the PDP emperor at large, here is an immortal quote from Marcus Aurelius, the magnificent and authentic Roman Emperor and philosopher (A.D. 121-180): “If it is not right, do not do it; if it is not true, do not say it.” You lose nothing by giving us a slice of your humanity by your right acts and correct words. Everything changes and passes. Be humane as a human being.
Afejuku can be reached via 08055213059.
By Leo Igwe
Recently, I facilitated a critical thinking workshop at the Bay Wreath Schools in Lagos. The theme was critical thinking and teacher development. As the theme stated, the workshop was on teaching, about teaching, and for teachers. It highlighted the pedagogical value of critical and reflective inquiry. The workshop exposed teachers to critical mental habits and skills. It emphasized how critical thinking would enhance expertise in the learning and delivery of subjects in classrooms.
I used the opportunity to discuss questionstorm as a method of teaching and learning. Questionstorm is a way that I operationalized critical thinking for primary and elementary schools. Questionstorm is the ability to interrogate all objects and materials. It is a habit of questioning ideas and experiences in all areas of human endeavor. Simply put, questionstorm is a question-driven inquiry. Children are naturally curious. They thirst for knowledge and understanding. Unfortunately, the school system kills children’s curiosity and dampens their interrogative appetite. The school system places much emphasis on rote learning and memorization. It makes the generation of answers not questions or problems the test of knowledge, and the determinant of intelligence. Teaching is largely a drudgery, a monotonous exercise, and a process of depositing knowledge on passive recipients, the students. Teaching entails dumping information on learners whose duty is to cram and reproduce during tests or examinations.
This teaching praxis has been criticized and blamed for the poor performance of students post-school (college and university) and their inability to think independently, creatively, and innovatively. Other teaching methods have tried to address these gaps and limitations. There have been suggestions to make teaching and instruction more active, and more student/learner/child-centered. One such method is the Montessori method. The Montessori method discourages grades and tests as ways of measuring achievement or determining intelligence and excellence. It emphasizes hands-on learning and the development of real-world skills. While the Montessori method stresses the practical approach to learning it says very little about the authoritarian teacher-to-student approach that is the mainstay of teaching and learning in classrooms. Teaching follows a pattern that leaves students and learners in the margins and unable to question and contribute to the learning process. Teachers present what is to be learned such as a text, and then generate questions that students respond or address to demonstrate knowledge of what has been taught. The student’s or learner’s main job is to answer questions, to look for or find answers or solutions. The teacher’s work is to get students to look for, and provide answers, and reproduce what they have been taught or told. But students are answer-depots. Students are not memory banks or reserves. They are active minds and thinking agents.
With questionstorm as a teaching method, the mode of instruction would change. Teaching becomes a cooperative endeavor that actively involves teachers and students. What is taught in the classroom is a collaborative note, not the teacher’s note, not a handout to students. Teachers present or generate texts or objects for learning, in response to intense questioning of the object or material by students, teachers provide information as required for that subject, topic, level, and time frame. No two instances of teaching – of the same topic or subject- are or should be the same because the input of students and teachers is not predetermined.
This is because of an overlooked principle in teaching and learning, that I call the “uncertainty principle”.
The uncertainty principle underlies questionstorm because knowledge is not fixed. Learning is a fluid process. All that is to be learned is uncertain, it is unknown and never determined. No teacher can say beforehand what is to be taught or learned because no one knows exactly the questions and answers or replies that would arise when a topic is presented or taught in a particular class. A topic or learning material elicits unique responses and exchanges that both teachers and students cannot exactly know or predict a priori, before the fact.
Teaching is a shared task and responsibility. Class notes are fluid materials. They are not texts cast on educational stones and delivered by teachers to students to copy, cut, and paste as is often the case. Class notes are not written or produced by teachers for students but by teachers with students. Teachers’ notes are incomplete and insufficient. They account only for a part, not a whole of the learning process and material. Students’ input completes and complements the teaching material and learning process. Thus every class note is unique because it is a product of a specific collaborative endeavor, a product of particular teaching and learning agents and circumstances that cannot be repeated or replicated.
Thus, as a teaching method, questionstorm is set to facilitate teacher development and improve the quality of instruction in schools. Questionstorm will help realize a paradigm shift in education and learning. I hope educators, teachers, and school managers will embrace this method of teaching and learning.
Dr Igwe directs the Critical Thinking Social Empowerment Foundation.
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