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Wahala Palava: Social Media, Cruises, And, Frivolities 

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Dele Jegede In Conversation With Prince Yemisi Shyllon
Prof. Toyin Falola

By Toyin Falola

I doubt you can find many Nigerian youths and their parents participating in any social event and not checking their cell phones within five minutes. Forget it. They even answer phone calls during the Sunday service. When I say that I have seen a woman terminating the asr, the late afternoon prayer, to attend to a customer who wants to buy a sachet of water, don’t treat it as a joke. Muslim men routinely abandon the maghrib mid-way to answer a phone call. Someone on WhatsApp can be laughing hysterically in front of you, and you will think he has won the lotto until you know he is just enjoying “shedibalabala”.

“No dulling moment” in Nigeria is not just an assertion made from exaggerative and wild imputations but a realistic description of the temporal evolvements of the nation. It is often from one “cruise” to the other. So, the Nigerian social media space lives on trends, cruises, and challenges that get people going. This year started with “no gree for anybody,” and quite a few slangs have followed. These days, the youth seem to be tuned to whatever the media dictates and reflect on the social behaviours in the past few years. The trends in Nigeria transmit to international phenomena. Out of the trends come different social media challenges of different levels. They are sometimes literally challenging and also challenging to the physical, mental, and intellectual health of the viewers as well as the cultural values of the country, and they are effortlessly portrayed on a social media platform – social media challenges.

One cannot but ponder on the saying that an idle hand is the devil’s workshop when social media challenges come to bear. So, we must also wonder if the proliferation of participation in these social media challenges is a manifestation of devil-infested minds or an attempt to not be idle. The confoundment would be more understandable when you try to classify or conceive explanations or justifications for these challenges. It would be quite easy to think of them as frivolities; what other explanation should be given to a challenge where people lick toilets or a challenge where empty crates are stacked really high, and people attempt to walk on them without falling – mostly, the opposite happens, or where people bath themselves in drinks, oil, food and even go as far as consuming harmful products to showcase a social media challenge. It is disturbing to watch Nigerians waste food that many homeless and middle-class Nigerians value in this harsh economy. The rationale behind using food and drinks to bathe yourself just to trend is infuriating. The worst is even the consumption of harmful products in the name of challenges, trends, and cruises. These are the same youths that would say Sapa is choking, or should I send my aza for urgent 2k? The cry for help becomes lucid when the corresponding action depicts otherwise. In what world does wasting food or performing dangerous health risky challenges show your need for money, or would the urgent 2k help pay your hospital bill when you are badly injured?

Well, while many of the challenges are frivolous and often devoid of any importance, they sometimes serve as tools for social satires. For instance, the “door opening challenge” was to satirize the cost of governance in the country and the overbearing number of unnecessary employees in the government. It connotes the exuberant lifestyles of the politicians. This challenge was inspired by the entourage of Nasir El Rufai, where someone opened the door for someone who would open the door for the person who would open the door for him. The challenge went viral, and many subscribed to it. Another was Babatunde Fashola’s discovery of a camcorder at the sight of the Lekki Tollgate “massacre” the day after the incident, despite the alleged sweeping of the site by security personnel, and it was only the minister who saw it. This created a spur where #FasholaChallenge started.

Another of these series was the #Balabluebulaba challenge, which was to mock Tinubu’s alleged sickness and inconsistency in speech. It was more like a political response to the candidacy of the President and became largely subscribed to on the internet. The different political challenges never stopped; they either tried to reenact the ridiculous attitudes of the Nigerian government officials or mimicked their idiosyncrasies. 

Where challenges are not created, trends are built around some of the acts to be criticized. It could be a reenactment of a police officer trying to extort from people or any government official at all. There was a period when an NSCDC official could not give the address of the Corp’s website, and he also continuously kept talking about some Oga at the Top. The incidence became a phenomenon, and the phrase “Oga at the Top” further became a slang term that was even printed on clothes at that time.

Some other challenges really pushed some talents out. We have seen people show their trades and talents through some of these challenges and trends and show the world that they are not “lazy Nigerians” anyway. This is followed by hashtags across all social media platforms that would allow everyone to show what they are good at or be specific about their trade. The throwback challenges of different types and measures are also not bad ideas. It could sometimes show that, with time and effort, people’s experience could be better.

The “ice bucket challenge”, also known as the “ASL challenge”, is a trend where a cold bucket of ice water is poured on someone. It was started to create awareness and donations for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease and the “Be like Ngozi challenge,” which started to appreciate Ngozi Okonjo-Nweala following her appointment as the first female and African to be the director general of the World Trade Organization.

Sometimes, the challenges and trends get even worse, and people lose their lives because of it. Well, one could pretend to justify the challenges on the belief that “you only live once, YOLO.” But jokes on those who would rather choose to endanger their lives or people in the name of joining the trends. The “crate challenge” choked global Twitter, with many compromising their health and lives just to attract some impressions. The list of some of these ridiculous challenges that entered the country through social media is endless. Someone posted something about slapping a soldier in Nigeria as a challenge; those who tried it undoubtedly “collected.” In 2021, after Joeboy released his single “Alcohol,” it followed with “Alcohol Challenge,” where people used it to promote illicit substances and injected unhealthy substances in their bodies on TikTok.

Aside from laziness, some of the challenges are trends that only invite funny displays and, sometimes, at the extreme, unintelligence. Although one must state that it is good to relieve one’s stress with some fun-filled challenges, some individuals must know their limits. The “don’t leave me challenge” is a trend where a person says a joke and walks away while another shouts don’t leave me – the lamer the joke, the better. Well, skit-making and comedy are now becoming the new “catch-outs” in Nigeria. Famous is also the “Charlie Charlie challenge,” where people try to conjure Charlie Charlie, a supposed spirit, to answer their questions using paper and a pencil. As creepy as this is, one would think that spiritual people like Nigerians would refrain from conjuring spirits, expecting it to respond.   

A number of the challenges are outrightly disturbing as they question moral principles prevalent in society and attract sensitive and sexually rated content. The “drop challenge,” “silhouette challenge,” “wife material challenge,” “buss it challenge,” “shedibalabala”, and a lot more are in the same category of the “hype man trend” where women sexually shake “what their mama gave them.” These videos are extremely provocative because they feature women mostly shaking their backsides in all forms and styles. These challenges have encouraged women to be innovative in inventing new styles of “twerking.” The “silhouette” caps it because women are seen sexually dancing naked behind a red light or with a filter that makes them look naked. 

This class of challenges and trends questions the social fight against the objectification of women folks in Nigeria. The Nigerian culture and social norms dictate integrity and modesty for all sexes and do not support the instrumentalization of women to make them objects of flirtation. In fact, with the apparent disorientation about the sexual rights of people, one should be careful in how one feeds the plagues of sexual stereotyping. 

The challenges sometimes come from the misconception of the value of women. Many have qualified and quantified the excess of women from their physical appearance with big backsides, busty fronts, waists, and cleavages. Many more of these challenges have been on the rise on social media platforms, with varying degrees and types.

One would sometimes wonder if there is a prize for participation or if a body is watching the challenges to pick the best to reward. No! All is just in the name of not missing out, attracting more views and traffic to one’s page, or just following the trend without missing out on the cruises. This is despite the health hazards or reputation hazards that are related to them.

Well, I am not a killjoy, but more limitations must be built around these idiosyncrasies. Where trends and challenges are likely to cause serious health hazards and pick on people, social media regulation in that respect would not be out of discussion. However, while the fun may continue, it should also be made important that there are good causes, many enough to challenge others with. We could start a challenge to feed five people today or say something nice. Do not get me wrong; challenges do not need to be meaningful, logical, or intelligent; at least, Nigerian society most of the time needs comic relief from the stiffening conditions of the nation, but some ground rules must be set when those challenges or trends tend to hurt others.

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Opinion

Fear Of Witchcraft And Politics In Zambia

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Witch Burning, Impunity And Abuses Linked to Witchcraft Beliefs In Benue State
Dr Leo Igwe

By Leo Igwe

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches (AfAW) is concerned over the reported arrest of two men accused of being ‘witchdoctors’ in Zambia. The arrest underscores the potency of witchcraft fears and the connection between occult anxieties and the country’s politics. These individuals were accused of trying to bewitch the Zambian president, Hakainde Hichilema. The police claimed that they had charms. They planned to use the charms to harm the president. The report says the two persons have been charged under Zambia’s Witchcraft Act. The Act criminalizes “possession of charms”, “professing knowledge of witchcraft”, and “cruelty to wild animals”. The police found the two with assorted charms, including a live chameleon.

This development is utterly embarrassing and shows that the Zambian government is slowly losing its focus and bearing.The country has many socio-economic challenges. Suspicion of bewitchment or possession of charms should be the least of its worries at this time. There should be no place for witchcraft and possession of charms in modern politics because there is no evidence for these beliefs and practices. Zambian authorities should not weaponize the Witchcraft Act or use it to justify this incident. Zambian law does not recognize witchcraft. Zambia’s Witchcraft Act criminalizes naming or imputing witchcraft. It prohibits accusing or threatening to accuse any person of being a witch or a wizard. In this case, it is the police who are breaking the law.

Otherwise, how did they know the two individuals were ‘witchdoctors’? Did these persons identify as witch doctors? If not, the police are liable because they named and imputed witchcraft and have to prove that these individuals have witch-doctoring powers. The police claimed to have charged these individuals for possessing “assorted charms”, including a chameleon. Really?

The police in Zambia have questions to answer: What are charms? How did they know that what was in their possession were charms, not pets? Is a chameleon a form of charm? What makes possession of a chameleon possession of a charm? When and how does a chameleon become a charm? The police need to answer these questions and more before one takes them seriously.

Again, did the individuals describe what was in possession as ‘charms’? If they did, does confessing or designating something as a charm make it a charm? And if they did not, the police are liable because they need to prove how those possessions translated into charms.

In addition, the police claimed that the duo wanted to bewitch the president. What does that mean? How did they know? Are the police not contravening a provision under the Witchcraft Act by professing knowledge of witchcraft? Can one harm another person using a chameleon? They claimed that the two persons wanted to use the charms in their possession, including the chameleon to harm the president. How did they know that? What is the evidence for that?

The Advocacy for Alleged Witches calls for an end to this state-sponsored witch hunt. There is no evidence of harm through witchcraft or charms. The Zambian government should desist from witchcraft- related infractions and violations including arbitrary arrest, and detention of innocent citizens. These allegations are baseless and absurd. The arrest was politically motivated. This development demonstrates that Zambian authorities are out of sync with their duty and obligation to uphold the rule of law and protect accused persons.

Zambian authorities need to act in compliance with the 2021 UN resolution, which urged states to take measures to combat abuses linked to witchcraft beliefs and ritual attacks. End witchcraft allegations in Zambia. End witch hunts in Africa now!

Dr Igwe directs the Advocacy for Alleged Witches.

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Opinion

Burning Issues: (FCT Minister And Paulosa) (2)

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Readers’ Showers Of Encouragement
Prof. Tony Afejuku

By Tony Afejuku

The other burning issue, apart from Farotimi and Babalola’s, which I wish to take a look at – and which I am taking a look at now – relates to what is happening in our capital territory. What is this burning issue – which our human rightists and civil society organisations and personages are surprisingly and un-satisfactorily not inclined to focus attention on and examine as they should? I may be wrong, but it surely seems to me that this issue, this burning issue, which is of more importance than Farotimi and Babalola’s – which has been given undue adulation – is deliberately being neglected and depreciated by proclaimers and heroes and heroines of human rights, justice, equity and equality of rights in your country my country our country. Why, why, why and why, why, why? Anyone who has any iota of patriotic sensibility, feeling and judgment well watered and buttressed by a very great influence upon his or her critical judgment will keep on asking the question I am asking.

Mr. Nyesom Wike, as almost everybody who can read and write a little knows, is the current minister of your, my and our Federal Capital Territory. His post or office is akin to that of a governor of a state. As the immediate past governor of Rivers State who was drafted, after his two terms there expired, to continue in the FCT as its new minister-governor or governor-minister under the auspices of a party he is not a true member of, Mr. Wike cannot but be seen as a lucky man. He is in every possible and impossible way. Minister-Governor Wike is a lucky man and a very fortunate one indeed. No former governor of Rivers State (or of any Nigerian state), as far as I know, has achieved what the famed political rouser of rabbles has achieved in one short gubernatorial life-time, and at a relatively young and fertile age. His dual achievement with and in two different political parties at this delicate point of Nigerian politics indicates to our politicians and us all that there is always time for a reminder that there are ready-made high rewards for arch-angels of betrayals. And Mr. Wike may go down in Rivers and Nigerian history as both an arch-angel and an emperor of betrayal of us all if we attempt to indicate what I have defined here as his dual achievement.

We can roughly divide, briefly, Wike’s political development into two periods. During the first, excluding his lower political positions before he became the governor of Rivers State, he quickly adapted his style to that of an emperor who became a rabble-rouser of rabble-rousers whose gubernatorial efficiency moved from stiffness to stiffness. He did not at any time feel that he needed suppleness to govern Rivers State. “Let the heavens fall if they must fall!” We are not there yet in this attempted analysis of the stiff-hearted and stiff-minded one. True? But he is already demonstrating this characteristic in Abuja. False? Judge and give the answer yourself.

Even after he left Rivers State a short while ago as governor, he is still trying to control happenings there to the political discomfiture of his hand-picked successor, his erstwhile “boy” and “son” – with whom he has fallen out. As the minister-governor or governor-minister of the FCT, Wike is occupied with the other taste of the emperor-juggernaut formulator – doing the work of two key political masters in one room and desk of political jugglery. Since his appearance in the FCT, minister-governor or governor-minister Wike has allegedly attempted to recover or transform for Abuja what is not traditionally or socially Abuja’s, for example, the city’s social idiom and landscape and terrain as well as its environs. In doing this he sometimes over-steps his bounds and mark of human/inhuman decency/indecency and psychological understanding of human nature, if you follow well what I am saying; he has so far become at best not really better than a typical pedestrian Nigerian lawyer and officer of political power: in his explorations so far in the Federal Capital Territory we have come to the realization, as T. S. Eliot would say, that “it is so often true that only by going too far can we find out how far we can go.” But one has to be a very negatively obstinate and self-serving emperor and a thorough-bred arch-angel of betrayal of the people and masses to justify such perilous and perfidious expeditions and adventures.

Last week, I saw on Arise Television “The Morning Show” Chief Rita Lori-Ogbebor, the dutiful widow of the late Nigerian supreme patriot and soldier, Colonel Ogbebor (of Benin stock) battling, so to say, to wrest the legacy of her late husband from the tight grip of the adventurous FCT minister-governor who has registered his name and signature in the hearts and consciousness of the people as the depriver of their possessions. The three anchors of “The Morning Show” were in their respective ways splendid in their structures of remarks and questions to Chief (Mrs.) Rita Lori-Ogbebor whom I have had occasions in times past to call patriotically Rita A-K 47 on account of her natural right to fire her beautiful tongue at any person, usually an enemy, of just actions. When she made the case she made to protect the estate of Paulosa Nigeria Limited, her late husband’s aforesaid legacy in the FCT, she was in her natural territory, habitat and element where even at age eighty-four, she never ever loses her stability – although she unusually restrained herself in the Arise Television appearance. Dr. Reuben Abati, Rufai Oseni, and Ayo Mairo-Ese clearly explored seriously but delightfully the mind of the mother-hen of Warri – my other coinage and appellation I gave her in my poetry. Her “The Morning Show” appearance enabled me to see the poignant cry de profundis of the FCT inhabitants whose property and residences in different guises have been demolished. She did not say anything that was out of joint. She spoke and came out as a mother, protector and symbol of the people who have suffered – and are suffering – from the state of affliction and anguish Wike’s demolitions have placed – and are placing – the people.

Ojy Okpe in her delicious and delectable “What is Trending” slot on the same show, showed without exaggeration but with further elaboration what people in and outside Abuja/FCT think of the mighty Wike’s demolitions, a burning issue that the Senate has asked “Let Heaven Fall” minister-governor Wike to halt as the committee the Senate set up on the issue starts its work. Of course, we cannot but assume that Chief Rita Lori-Ogbebor, Mrs. Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan as well as Mrs. Ireti Kingigbe, the senator representing the FCT in the Senate and other patriotic senators diligently did what they did on the floor of the Senate when the burning issue was tabled for debate with the gracious understanding and authorization of the Senate President.

I need to state further that the “The Morning Show” anchors did well and extremely so by giving the minister-governor the opportunity to air his anti-Paulosa story. His senior special assistant on public communication and social media, Mr. Olalere Olayinka, stood in for him. After he gave the reasons for the clamp-down, his responses to the questions the anchors put to him followed the usual pattern of denials by artificial men in power – denials that they always use to intimidate and betray the people. In fact, Mr. Olayinka’s ploy to ride easily over our dear Rufai Oseni, a wholesome representative of the deprived, that the chap (or is it guy?) and his boss always employ their colloquial speeches and remarks to dishonor, failed. Yes, the ploy failed woefully. In stanza after stanza of the exchanges between Mr. Olayinka and the Arise anchors, he deteriorated – and his deterioration was hall-marked when he unwittingly revealed that the Paulosa land had been acquired by his minister-governor’s close cohort, an act that was nothing short of gross abuse of power and authority.

Because the Senate is already using its authority, power and privilege to resolve the burning issue, hopefully, in a way that the late Colonel Ogbebor’s legacy and family will not be subjected to any kind of degradation, I will utter no more words for now. I trust, however, that the liberties the Senate is taking – or has taken – are for the sake of order to favour the down-trodden.

As for the minister-governor, the PDP emperor at large, here is an immortal quote from Marcus Aurelius, the magnificent and authentic Roman Emperor and philosopher (A.D. 121-180): “If it is not right, do not do it; if it is not true, do not say it.” You lose nothing by giving us a slice of your humanity by your right acts and correct words. Everything changes and passes. Be humane as a human being.

Afejuku can be reached via 08055213059.

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Opinion

Questionstorm As A Method Of Teaching

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Witch Burning, Impunity And Abuses Linked to Witchcraft Beliefs In Benue State

By Leo Igwe

Recently, I facilitated a critical thinking workshop at the Bay Wreath Schools in Lagos. The theme was critical thinking and teacher development. As the theme stated, the workshop was on teaching, about teaching, and for teachers. It highlighted the pedagogical value of critical and reflective inquiry. The workshop exposed teachers to critical mental habits and skills. It emphasized how critical thinking would enhance expertise in the learning and delivery of subjects in classrooms.

I used the opportunity to discuss questionstorm as a method of teaching and learning. Questionstorm is a way that I operationalized critical thinking for primary and elementary schools. Questionstorm is the ability to interrogate all objects and materials. It is a habit of questioning ideas and experiences in all areas of human endeavor. Simply put, questionstorm is a question-driven inquiry. Children are naturally curious. They thirst for knowledge and understanding. Unfortunately, the school system kills children’s curiosity and dampens their interrogative appetite. The school system places much emphasis on rote learning and memorization. It makes the generation of answers not questions or problems the test of knowledge, and the determinant of intelligence. Teaching is largely a drudgery, a monotonous exercise, and a process of depositing knowledge on passive recipients, the students. Teaching entails dumping information on learners whose duty is to cram and reproduce during tests or examinations.

This teaching praxis has been criticized and blamed for the poor performance of students post-school (college and university) and their inability to think independently, creatively, and innovatively. Other teaching methods have tried to address these gaps and limitations. There have been suggestions to make teaching and instruction more active, and more student/learner/child-centered. One such method is the Montessori method. The Montessori method discourages grades and tests as ways of measuring achievement or determining intelligence and excellence. It emphasizes hands-on learning and the development of real-world skills. While the Montessori method stresses the practical approach to learning it says very little about the authoritarian teacher-to-student approach that is the mainstay of teaching and learning in classrooms. Teaching follows a pattern that leaves students and learners in the margins and unable to question and contribute to the learning process. Teachers present what is to be learned such as a text, and then generate questions that students respond or address to demonstrate knowledge of what has been taught. The student’s or learner’s main job is to answer questions, to look for or find answers or solutions. The teacher’s work is to get students to look for, and provide answers, and reproduce what they have been taught or told. But students are answer-depots. Students are not memory banks or reserves. They are active minds and thinking agents.

With questionstorm as a teaching method, the mode of instruction would change. Teaching becomes a cooperative endeavor that actively involves teachers and students. What is taught in the classroom is a collaborative note, not the teacher’s note, not a handout to students. Teachers present or generate texts or objects for learning, in response to intense questioning of the object or material by students, teachers provide information as required for that subject, topic, level, and time frame. No two instances of teaching – of the same topic or subject- are or should be the same because the input of students and teachers is not predetermined.
This is because of an overlooked principle in teaching and learning, that I call the “uncertainty principle”.

The uncertainty principle underlies questionstorm because knowledge is not fixed. Learning is a fluid process. All that is to be learned is uncertain, it is unknown and never determined. No teacher can say beforehand what is to be taught or learned because no one knows exactly the questions and answers or replies that would arise when a topic is presented or taught in a particular class. A topic or learning material elicits unique responses and exchanges that both teachers and students cannot exactly know or predict a priori, before the fact.

Teaching is a shared task and responsibility. Class notes are fluid materials. They are not texts cast on educational stones and delivered by teachers to students to copy, cut, and paste as is often the case. Class notes are not written or produced by teachers for students but by teachers with students. Teachers’ notes are incomplete and insufficient. They account only for a part, not a whole of the learning process and material. Students’ input completes and complements the teaching material and learning process. Thus every class note is unique because it is a product of a specific collaborative endeavor, a product of particular teaching and learning agents and circumstances that cannot be repeated or replicated.

Thus, as a teaching method, questionstorm is set to facilitate teacher development and improve the quality of instruction in schools. Questionstorm will help realize a paradigm shift in education and learning. I hope educators, teachers, and school managers will embrace this method of teaching and learning.

Dr  Igwe directs the Critical Thinking Social Empowerment Foundation.

 

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